Equivalent hazard magnitude scale

Abstract. Hazard magnitude scales are widely adopted to facilitate communication regarding hazard events and the corresponding decision making for emergency management. A scale measures strength of a event considering natural forcing phenomena severity with respect average entities at risk. However, existing cannot be easily adapted comparative analysis across different types. Here, we propose an equivalent measure multiple types hazards. We name Gardoni Scale after Professor Paolo Gardoni. design on as linear transformation expectation adverse impact given exposed value vulnerability. With records 12 from 1900 2020, demonstrate that can empirically derived historical data indicators impacts. In this study, model metric function fatalities, total affected population, economic damage. show magnitudes evaluated compared find tsunami drought tend have large magnitudes, while tornadoes relatively small in terms magnitude. addition, used determine equivalency individual events. For example, compute February 2021 North American cold wave affecting southern states United States America was Hurricane Harvey 2017 or 7.5 earthquake. Future work will expand current study modelling local intensities conditions within multi-hazard context.